Gullivers Travels Essays - Gullivers Travels, Fiction, Literature

Gulliver's Travels By: Jonathan Swift Book Report written by: Howard Bernard 3 / 5 /2018 8 th Grade Setting- Early Eighteenth Century Point of View- First person Gulliver - The narrator and main character of the story Mary Burton Gulliver - Gulliver's wife The Emperor - The ruler of Lilliput Lilliputians and Blefuscudians - Two races of miniature people whom Gulliver meets on his first voyage The Farmer - Gulliver's first master in Brobdingnag Glumdalclitch - The farmer's 40-foot , nine-year old daughter The Queen - The queen of Brobdingnag The King - The king of Brobdingnag Lord Munodi - A lord of Lagado Yahoos - Unkept human like beasts who live in servitude to the Houyhnhnms Houyhnhnms - Rational horse s who maintain a simple, peaceful society governed by reason and truthfulness Gulliver's Houyhnhnm master - first discovers Gulliver and takes him into his own home Don Pedro de Mendez - The Portuguese captain who takes Gulliver back to Europe after he is forced to leave the land of the Houyhnhnms Laputans - Absent minded intellectuals who live on a floating island of Laputa, encountered by Gulliver on his third voyage Gulliver's Travel s is a fictional novel written by Jonathan Swift. The novel is about the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver from Nottinghamshire, England. He works as a surgeon and has an interest in traveling. When his business begins to decline, he sets out on a voyage as his second love is traveling the high seas. Gulliver embarks on four different voyages which brings him a new perspective on life, with new opportunities. Gulliver narrates and recalls his adventures in this remarkable story. Gulliver sets off with his crew. The ship is caught in a bad storm, and tragedy strikes. The crew dies. Only Gulliver barley escapes. As he swims for his life, he lands on an island and passes out. When h e awakens, he finds that he is unable to move. His arms and legs are tied up. Gulliver later realizes he is on the island of Lilliput, and the tiny creatures around him are called Lilliputians. They are miniature people smaller than six inches tall. Gulliver is hungry and thirsty, and the Lilliputians feed him and give him something to drink. The emperor of Lilliput decides to keep Gulliver captive and believes he can control him. He wants to use Gulliver as a weapon to defeat his enemies of Blefuscu which are another society of tiny people. When a fire breaks out in the royal palace, Gulliver extinguishes the fire by urinating on it. He is then convicted of treason and sentenced to death. Gulliver finds a boat and escapes sails back to his home in England. After two months of being back home, Gulliver sets off on his next adventure. He ends up on a land called Broddingnag. This land is filled with giants . Gulliver look more like a Lilliputian compared to the giants. Gulliver is captured and treated as a pet by the queen of Brobdingnag. Gulliver is unable to escape on his own like he did in Lilliput. When the king and queen take him on a trip, his cage is plucked up by an eagle and dropped in the sea. Gulliver finds his boat and sail s back to England. Still missing the adventurous travels, after two more months in England, Gulliver sets sail again. This time he journey s to Laputa, Luggnagg , and Glubdugdribb . The Laputians love mathematics and music . Gulliver also visits the island of Glubbdubdrib which is filled with sorcerers, and Luggnagg which is an island filled with unfortunate immortals. Gulliver discovers these inhabitants are very miserable. The Laputians lack practical things such as the knowledge of building houses,or making clothing. Gulliver discovers the deceptions of history as he knew it while visiting the island of Glubdugdribb . His fourth voyage was when he traveled to the land of the Houyhnhnms . While he was on his voyage the Houyhnhnms decimated the Yahoos. Once he saw that the Yahoos were dead he decided to stay with the Houyhnhnms for a little longe r. While living with the Houyhnhnms he finds himself feeling like he never wants

7 Tips to Avoid a DANGEROUS Job Search

7 Tips to Avoid a DANGEROUS Job Search Finding a job is very important, but so is staying safe online. Looking for a job involves exchanging a lot of personal information with your potential employers, and you cannot risk letting that information get into the wrong hands. Even small slip ups can have huge consequences. 1. Limit Personal Information in Your ResumeThere’s absolutely no reason to include things like your home address or scans of your official identification card with your resume. If an employer needs that information from you, they can collect it during the hiring process. Make these things available upon request to employers who are seriously considering you – don’t hand them out aimlessly.2. Dig Deep on CompaniesWho are you sending your information to? Does the company receive and review their own resumes, or do they outsource that job? Reputable companies have up to date security practices that will prevent your information from being viewed by third parties. Find out how long a compa ny will keep your resume on record. If it’s longer than 90 days, you may not want them hanging onto your details for too long.3. Never Publicly Post Personal DetailsSlapping your resume up on the internet may feel like fishing with a wide net. When everyone can see it, it may seem like you’re increasing your chances of finding a great employer. The only problem with posting these things publicly is that anyone can see them. Sure, recruiters and HR staff will be able to read your resume, but so will anyone else who is looking to steal personal information.4. Don’t Outsource Resume SharingServices pop up all the time that promise to send your resume to employers looking for candidates like you. This is almost always a bad move. You can’t control where they’re sending your information, and you don’t know how securely they’re storing it. You may be saving a few minutes a day, but you’re risking your privacy.5. Document Where Youâ⠂¬â„¢ve Sent Your InfoKeep track of every time you send out your resume, and who you’ve sent it to. Not only does this make it easier for you to follow up on potential future career opportunities, it also helps you keep track of your data. If something gets out there that should have been kept private, it’s easier to track down the source of the data breech when you know everyone who has been given access to your information.6. Use a VPNVPNs are great for online safety in every circumstance, whether you’re applying for jobs or making online purchases. VPNs shield you from outside attacks, which are common on public or unsecured WiFi connections. Before you send anything to anyone, make sure you’re using a good VPN. You’ll want to find one that suits your device.7. Always Read Privacy InformationThere are tons of sites designed to help job seekers find job openings. Oftentimes, these services are helpful. Sometimes, that help comes at a cost. These sites may share your information with third parties, or share your email address with solicitors. If a website ever says you’ll receive â€Å"offers from partners† or â€Å"information about exciting opportunities†, this most likely means they’re selling your name, email address, and statistical information to the highest bidder.There’s no such thing as being too careful with your personal information, or using too much suspicion. If an offer seems fishy, it likely is fishy. Be careful what email attachments you open and who you speak to, and don’t be so quick to answer questions from people you don’t know during your job search process.Amelia Dermott is a passionate writer and self-proclaimed Internet addict. Having experience in business and IT administration, she likes to write about technology and self-development topics.

Business Strategy report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Strategy report - Assignment Example ch concerns ability of the firm to set goals, according to which proper action plans are set in order to meet those goals and produce desired results. Some of the features of strategic management can be described as follows (DeWit and Meyer, 2004). Strategic thinking- The aspect of strategic thinking involves generation of unique ideas and insights that help to increase competitive advantages of business as well as to achieve desired goals more efficiently. The strategic thinking process requires managers to consider past performance of the business and realize ways in which change or implementation of a new strategy might affect the organization and its various interest groups. Strategic thinking is mostly done when a firm considers applying a change in operations or while incorporating new business ventures into a formal organizational structure. It is mainly a mental process and requires examining the firm from the view point of its capabilities. Managers and authorities brainstorm to come up with new and innovative methods for fulfilling organizational goals and developing new horizons of business opportunity. Strategic planning- The next step after strategic thinking is the process of strategic planning. In strategic thinking, the firm decides upon actions that are needed to be taken. In the strategic planning process, the firm formulates effective solutions so that proposed ideas and objectives can be achieved. Strategic planning involves analyzing the firm considering the following aspects (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2005): Primarily strategic planning involves evaluating the firm from the view point of external environment. This involves conducting PESTEL (Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Economical and Legal) analysis. The external environmental factors that can affect functioning of an organization are taken into perspective and ways in which external factors are likely to respond when a firm incorporates changes or new business

Module 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Module 12 - Essay Example Our friendship therefore was weakened and others emerged. Nevertheless, high school was totally a new environment. New friends came up and I had t make hook ups with new friends. All those we could share the same classes, same units and dorms became my intimate friends. Specifically, my closest friends were my classmates whom we shared cubes and classes. As the days passed by, and approached choice of future careers, friends changed as well. Those whom we shared common ideas before had unique careers hence different units pursue. Hence I found new friends too. When we finished high school, we got different grades, and we joined different universities and colleges to pursue different careers. Everybody went on his way to pursue his/her career. This weakened further the friendship and other new friends sprout up. From my middle school till now, friends have changed. My first friends and my current friends are totally different. From the dynamics of friendship, it is evident that friendship change very often and it is rare to get a long lasting friend whom you start from pre-school to university. Friends are subject to choice of careers in life and line of profession. Those whom you share things in common become your closest friends and those whom you have nothing much to share are distant automatically. Maintaining alive friendship is not easy. It is volatile and more often it has rewards and punishments. Indeed to appreciate somebody’s strengths and weaknesses calls for sacrifice. In essence, people have different personalities and to accept them to influence your life is challenging. According to social exchange theory, friendship is driven by decisions. Both parties are responsible for one another and entirely depend on each other. However, costs and rewards associate with decisions made. Usually, I dedicate my precious time to my friends. This time we could use to chat and implement constructive ideas

Global citizenship is an idea whose time has finally come Discuss Essay

Global citizenship is an idea whose time has finally come Discuss - Essay Example It also aims at studying the underlying assumptions and ideology behind the two concepts supported by evidences. The Idea of Global Citizenship In recent times the idea of global citizenship in its various forms is fast gaining momentum all around the globe. It is inspiring youngsters to grow into global citizens; it requires them to be morally responsible, intellectually competent and culturally perceptive to diverse cultures. The trend for global citizenship started with social movements like eradication of poverty, labor rights, environmental protection etc. These organizations claim that they work for the welfare of humanity by ensuring social justice and democratic accountability in the world economy. These organizations claim the global citizenship and hence welfare for the humanity (Giddens, 2010). Global corporations also are working for the propagation of concept of global citizenship by projecting socially responsible public image through their corporate social responsibili ty (CSR) activities. The concept of global citizenship has also seeped into the kind of human capital. The graduates of prestigious universities not only study but also work in global organizations different from their country of origin and have contacts literally all over the world. Such human capital also claims to be global citizens. Global citizenship is not a new phenomenon but it dates back to ancient Greece history. It is reflected in the fact that the word â€Å"Cosmopolitan† is a composite of Greek words for â€Å"order†, â€Å"universe† and â€Å"citizen†. In fact the idea of global citizenship is older than the concept of nationalism. This concept of global citizenship can be attributed to the growing public awareness about the global interdependence. However opponents of this theory which constitutes the intellectuals and political agents discard it as an impractical theory. They claim the concept of global citizenship is not possible in the a bsence of international or global governing bodies and global governments. The proponents of national government find global citizenship especially weak in the realm of politics, political science and legal issues where nationalism plays a vital role (Schattle, 2008). On the wake of global platform for digital communication and the interdependency of world the concept of global citizenship may flourish in other ways in educational institutions, global corporations and social organizations for humanity etc. Globalization and Citizenship Globalization and migration is seen as major threat or challenge to identity, belonging, humanitarian laws and human rights. As the world is becoming more global and open, the need for the protection of citizenship is growing. The major threats to citizenship are political threats, immigration or international migration and mobility, the growing trend of intolerance and religious fundamentalism and the endangered environmental and social security. The re is a trend of restructuring of welfare system to match the changes in demographics. The

Air Pollution Due To Traffic Environmental Sciences Essay

Air Pollution Due To Traffic Environmental Sciences Essay Development of urban lands with various land use results in creation of different forms of the city, and this physical development cause traffic problems. High traffic volume more than capacity of urban systems, results in environmental problems, especially air and sound pollutions. Air pollution due to traffic is one of the main concerns of urban planners and environmental administrators in developing countries for decades, because air pollution directly affects citizens health. This issue, in developed countries, has been solved through correct planning on land use and transportation, and emphasize on environment protection. We will try, in this research, to examine the correlation between land use, traffic, and its effect on urban environment, especially on air quality. In other words, we will survey the effects of land use in physical movement due to traffic, and its effect on air quality. Land use and transportation are two sides of a coin (†¦). On one hand, transportation is most important requirement of city development and, on the other hand, planned or unplanned development results in transportation needs. Hence, there is a very high correlation between transportation and land use. Many analytical and descriptive models have been developed to show this correlation, each one provides one aspect of researches and explanatory elements in geometrical structure of city (†¦). But correlation between transportation, land use and environmental parameters such as air pollution haven rarely examined. Although environmental problems, nowadays, are one of the most important problems, especially in metropolises, and these problems should be solved. Rural regions, in developing countries, are urbanizing quickly, and cities are changing into metropolises, which cause environmental problems. Most common type of these problems is related to air pollution in cities. Air pollution could be result of industrial activities, transportation and other elements in cities, but according to JICA, more than 80% of Tehrans pollution is result of urban transportation. Because of belonging of significant part of city (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ square meter equal to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ percent of district space) to highways and linkages in and around district 2, most of air pollution is created by moving vehicles in districts (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.). Urban transportation is affected by three elements: 1- road and street, 2- vehicles and 3- users (citizens), so we should consider there three elements to reduce or eliminate air pollution due to transportation. These elements are shown in diagram number (†¦.). First, we should consider urban infrastructure, especially road and street, to reduce air pollution due to transportation. If our roads have high traffic capacity, vehicle could pass faster and air pollution will be reduced. Although road widening is restricted by land limitations in cities, otherwise the city would changes into a giant parking place (this is what happened in Hemmat Highway in district 2 and its picture is represented in appendixes). Using the good materials for road constructing also could reduce pollutions due to tiny dusts scattered in space. Second, utilizing planning and transportation administration, and using low pollutant vehicles would help better air quality. Today, world is talking about bi-fuel, battery and solar automobiles, which make lesser pollution. Another way of air pollution reducing is also to promote the use of public transportation systems, which make lesser pollution per passenger, in comparison to personal vehicles. Also developing the green lines in cities for bicycles and encourage people to use them is another solution. Third, modifying citizens and vehicle and road users travel pattern is another way. These would be achieved by reducing the need to travel by motor vehicles through development of electronic city and utilizing internet and intranet for routine daily works- nearest way to travel, development of public transportation fleet and encouraging people to replace their personal vehicles with public transpiration services. Planning of permanent land use could reduce air pollutions indirectly. So we can say that there is a linear relation between transportation quality and land use in cities. City air pollution is most important problem, especially in big cities of developing countries. Source of this pollution is vehicles. Main city air pollutants are presented in table below: Table- city air pollutants due to transportation Effects of these pollutants on citizens life- city construction- human health and †¦ have been proved (1234). As mentioned above, main source of city air pollution is urban transportation which is influenced by citizens travel pattern and land use. Relationship between urban travel patterns, specification of origin-destination and land use will be achieved through mathematical analysis. Origin-destination distance will affect citizens travel pattern obviously. Long distance between residential and working areas, between origin and destination indeed, will affect transportation and energy usage. Even citizens economic status and relationship between public transport and personal vehicle usage will affect traffic volume in cities. Transportation is needed because it eliminates distances by modifying relationship ability between various activities. Indeed, this close relationship between land use and transportation makes transportation equipments one of strongest especial geographical tools for planners, so they could utilize it for conduction of urban development. However, land use and transportation relation is complicated and we cant make any cause and effect relationship between them. For example, its obvious that modification of transportation infrastructure has clear affect on land use activities. Population volume and distribution of residential areas or industrial displacements, etc. change the transportation demand pattern. Thus, its necessary to prior goal in transportation planning be the development of effective balance between land use activities and potential capacity of their relationship, to reduce air pollution and enhance environment quality. Land use pattern typically would identify by district selection and district location and relationship between districts and organizing various city zones such as commercial-official- internal and external (1234). ( ) There is multilateral interaction between various elements. These elements include land use intensity- traffic limitation level- vehicles effectiveness- centralizing level- urban form- cost of energy and orientation to various types of public transportation. All of these elements define city air quality and fuel consumption level. According to Newman and Knorty (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) there are various indexes for evaluation of correlation between transportation and land use, including: land use intensity index orientation to non-automobile transportation traffic limitation level vehicles performance centralizing level of urban form public transportation performance This study has been made according to these indexes. As travel volume and its characteristics are under affect of land use intensity and nature, it seems gathering basic information about land use is first to do. Land use scales for residential areas, typically, do measure by pure residential aggregation. While in working centers and buying areas it does measure by rate of one person to appropriate occupation space. Required data could be provided by official sources and we could synchronize them by recourse to planning applications rules. These basic data have provided by surveying in every internal traffic zone. Peoples interest in public and private transportation, daily urban motor traffic volume, main street width, branches, proper usage of traffic signals and citizens attention to them are points that should be taken into account in land use and urban transportation systems survey. However, most common transportation type is automobiles that occupy more than 20% of streets in many countries. And it shows that land use for transportation purposes is the second one after residential land use. Problem Statements Environmental problems in cities have been changed into complex situation, all elements related to each other. Environmental stresses in cities are result of daily increase in city population and need to more space and changes in land use for better services. Observation in district 2 in Tehran shows that main environmental stress is result of enhance in traffic volume, especially in highways. It brings air and sound pollution problems. Other environmental problems also are challengeable in district 2, but we will emphasize on air pollution in this thesis. Although Tehrans district 2 is a developed one, but mentioned problems, especially traffic burden and air pollution decrease the quality of urban environment. Main reasons of vehicles congestion, which is main source of air pollution in district 2, are as below: fast and unbalanced development of district changes in form of the city and continual changes in land use development of residential areas with high aggregation economic development of city, which resulted in enhancement in citizens afford Insufficient and inappropriate transportation system, which resulted in utilizing personal vehicles by citizens. Rate of city streets length to personal vehicles Vehicle parking beside streets Excessive increase of highways in district, which changed district 2 into passage of other districts. Insufficient administration of traffic and transportation. Above reasons may help in increase of air quality problems and decrease of urban environmental quality. Survey importance It is long time that traffic throng is one of the main problems of Tehran. This throng in district 2 is more because of extent of passages and highways. This throng results in waste of many hours by citizens and millions of liters fuel too. Traffic may result in decrease of people property and dissatisfaction. Traffic also affects air quality and results in various commercial and hygienic detriments. Observations in district 2 show that traffic volume increases as the city develops. We need a strategic prevention method and utilized conventional methods were not effective yet. Threats and opportunities, and weaknesses and strengths have been considered in strategic prevention method. If, as mentioned previously, traffic is most important element in air pollution, there are two methods for reduction of air pollution in cities: First, by control and decrease of automobiles volume, traffic, and air pollution hence, will be reduced. Optimal traffic administration to provide roads capacity- traffic signals- infrastructure improvement and to provide public transportation system could be utilized to control number of automobiles. And urban environmental status will be improved by utilizing clean fuel like bi fuel natural gas or electronic fuel. Second, a strategy related to urban planning and proper distribution of urban land use and decreasing urban travels are essential to solve the problem of urban air quality downfall, and show the importance and necessity of these surveys. Objectives: Most important purposes of this survey are: Description of current land use characteristics in Tehran district 2, regarding zones- development- aggregation and continuity. Description of relationship between citizens physical movement and land use plan and citizens decision making in vehicle selection. Description of characteristics of air pollution in Tehran district 2, regarding sources- type of vehicles exhaust- adjustment and affects on urban environment Description of some characteristics of land use policy tools- transportation and air quality in Tehran district 2, which has direct effect on making seasonal plans perpetual, and proposing related measures which could improve relationship between land use and physical movement and result in better urban air quality. Survey hypothesis: First hypothesis in this study is that there is relationship between air quality and land use plan through physical movement by motor vehicles. It is on the basis of fact that any traffic due to utilizing fossil fuel in automobiles results in emission of pollutants and hence results in air pollution. If automobiles do not emit air pollutant gases, like electric hybrid or solar automobiles, there will be no such relationships. But major urban transportation in district 2 is taking place by personal and motor vehicles now (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..). Second hypothesis is that air pollution in district 2 is mostly result of motor vehicles and probably its true, because there is no other pollutant source like air pollutant factories in this district. We can make a clear relationship between traffic volume and number of air pollutants by this hypothesis. Since wind rate and direction, which makes emitted exhausts uncondensed, is not considered in measuring of air quality in streets, this relationship will not be completely realized. So may be emission volume will not be reported correctly. Yet there is a lack of recorded data about air quality measuring which causes some deployment because it reduces the quality of mentioned relationship. Anyhow its expected that this study provide basic method for more comprehensive study about transportation and environmental relationships in Tehran district 2. Emission of various gases depends on fuel type and automobile age. But it is not possible to determine age of automobiles in motion and thus we will connivance it in traffic calculation. Third hypothesis is that if scale of automobiles motor will be considered, any automobile utilizing fossil fuel, regardless of age, emits exhaust, which has similar effect on environment. This study only considers relationship between land use and physical movement through personal automobiles or public transportation systems. Indeed, variants such as migrants- urban transportations through public transportation systems- personal automobile owners, jobs and purpose of urban transportation that control physical movement. These variants have been considered in this study, but direct relation between some of them has been neglected. Actually, affects caused by transportation are not limited to air pollution, but include sound pollution and tremble, which have been neglected too, and we only emphasize on air pollution in this study. Area Study Tehran, as capital of Iran, is located in natural bed between 3534 degree of north latitude and 51 to 5137 degree of east longitude. This bed is limited to northwest border of Markazi desert in south, to Jajrood valley in east, and valleys of Karaj in west. Regarding high extent and population (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦), Tehran has been divided into 22 urban districts with independent municipality to better administration. Tehran district 2 is placed in 5120 degree east longitude and 3545 degree north latitude. Its placed in south skirt of Alborz Mountains. Its limited to south skirt of Alborz Mountain in north, alluvial desert of Markazi in south, and Farahzad and Evin Darakeh watercourses in east and west. Its total shape is as a rectangular with 12 kilometers in north-south direction and 4 kilometers in east-west direction, including 5000 hectare space. South part of it in Tehran desert has hot and dry climate, while north part in Alborz Mountains skirt has more temperate climate. General slope is in north-south direction varying form 30-40 degrees in north part to gentler slope of 5-10 degrees in south part. Alborz Mountains is in its north. Its most high place is about 1800 meter higher than sea level, with medial slope of 30-50 degrees. There are some small valleys like Darakeh, Farahzad in Mountains skirt (north of Tehran). There are many hills in centric part, results of water erosion. Highest place in these hills is about 1500 meter higher than sea level. Medial slope in top of the hills are 20-30 degrees and in skirt about 30-40 degrees. These hills are differentiated from other topographic zones by their height, multiple valleys and severe slopes in skirts. Pardisan Park hills and north of Kooye Nasr hills are some of them. This district ends in 1200 alignment in south. Tehran district 2 is limited to Alborz Mountains in north, districts 1, 3, 6 in east, districts 9, 10, 11 in south and district 5 in west. District is totally in north of Tehran and Aborz mountain skirt and most of it is at least 1400 meter higher than sea level. Why district 2 has selected for study? Because district 2 had experimented intensive changes in land use in recent years . Most of Tehrans highways are placed in this district and its a good choice because of its extent from center to north of the city. District 2 includes 10% of population and space of Tehran.

Rates of Reaction :: Papers

Rates of Reaction Prediction (Na2 S2 O3 + 2HCL ---> 2NaCl + SO2 + S + H2O) This is the equation for Sodium Thiosulphate reacting with 2 Molar of Hydrochloric Acid. There are a number of variables in the experiment which must be controlled in order for the experiment to be a fair test. These include temperature, which must be kept constant throughout the experiment or the results would not match. The experiment will be performed at room temperature (Around 25 degrees). Another variable is volume of Hydrochloric acid, which must be kept the same as well. For this experiment, I will be using 5cm of HCL. If all of these variables are controlled, then the experiment will be a fair test. However, there will be a degree of human error because there is no definate point at which the cross disappears, it relies on human judgement. My prediction is that as the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate decreases, the rate of reaction will decrease accordingly and the reaction will take longer to complete. This is the basic principle of the Particle Theory. The particle theory is that if there are less atoms to 'collide' into each other and react, then the reaction will be slower than if there were more atoms to collide. Therefore, if the concentration, so number of atoms if lower, then the amount of collisions between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid will be less frequent. Also, when the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate is higher, the water will get cloudy faster due to the fact that there will be less water available to disrupt the reaction. [IMAGE] As the reaction takes place, the amount of Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate decreases, which therefore decreases the probability of the two atoms hitting each other, reacting. The reaction will slow down, because if two Thiosulphate atoms or two HCL atoms collide, then nothing will happen. This is the particle theory. Method Equipment  · Beakers  · Measuring cylinders

Oil/Gas Pipelines: Opportunities and Challenges

Oil has become the most in-demand product in the world. It has become the center of round-table discussions, and never that a single day passed without it being on the news. Decrease in its supply could mean the downfall of nations, especially the industrialized ones. This was evident in three world oil crises in 1973, 1979, and a brief one in 1990, which reversed the flow of money, making the oil-producing countries in the Middle East the vital force that could change the direction of the future of the world. Their cut-offs in production led to the creation of policies and rules on consumption, saving, and independence from oil.A nation, controlling the production, selling, and over-all management of oil, is assured of a significant posting in any field of the world’s lifestyle, but most importantly in politics and economics (Tanter, 2007). To become something like this, a nation should invest in ways on how to transport oil from its sources to its consumers, like the creatio n of networks of pipelines.Research and development projects have been carried out and continuously be done to meet the challenges in connection with oil and gas pipelines. One of these is the continuing drive to discover more oil and gas reserves locked under the earth or offshore. There are still many places in the planet that need to be explored. Even the most extreme environments should be included, like what they did to the North Sea.Designing and manufacturing pipes will still emerge as one of the important factors in the realm of oil and gas pipelines. Through the years, designs have been continuously improved to accommodate several factors like environment, and the nature of oil and gas. Researchers now consider the direct relationship of the size of the diameter of the pipe with the flow capacity of the product. Moreover, they also examine the expansion and contraction of pipes during the transportation of oil and gas due to significant temperature change, which could resul t to cracks, collapse tensions, and other similar effects. Materials will continuously be tested to determine the best for pipes. Though steel is already being used, improvements are still being done to test durability. Stresses and fractures, especially offshore projects, should be accounted for to minimize the percentage of failure. Cathodic protection against corrosion should be upheld to the highest level to assure the survivability of the pipes throughout the project.Terrorism attacks on pipelines will remain one of the most feared human phenomena. This is due to the fact that whenever pipelines are bombed or attacked, industries are affected. With this, countries should strengthen their monitoring schemes to ensure the safety and zero attack on their pipelines.Keeping with the laws of nature and environment also poses great challenge to companies engaged in oil and gas pipelines. Discovery of new sites for extraction will always encounter similar scenario with the trans-Alaska crude pipeline project, which was delayed for nine years, because the construction of pipelines was attached to environmental issues (Kennedy, 1993). Environmentalists will still be around the corner to watch the movements of oil companies.A greater challenge is on the side of politics and regulation. Better policies and laws covering the construction of pipelines, and transportation of oil and gas should be enacted to cover threats and possible failure-causing movements, especially in explorations crossing two different countries. Faster approval of laws should be done to maximize the economic potentials of the discovered oil and gas reserves.The greatest challenge could be the offering of affordable price of pipelined products to consumers. Companies must take note that the advancements they make with pipe designs and manufacturing, and the entire pipeline construction and transportation project, should go at par with the purchasing power of consumers, who are directly affected b y any oil price hike.Since the drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859 in Pennsylvania, the evolution of pipelines has gone a long way, though remaining as the most economical way (Kennedy, 1993). Oil and gas pipelines are efficient, using only 4% of the energy content of the transported product. This is far better in comparison with other modes of transportation like water, rail, and trucks (Dykesteen & Frantzen, 1991).Higher levels of technology give way for the development of better pipes and more sophisticated pipeline networks. These could yield higher efficiency rate and better service for the people, who basically need the product in their everyday living.The construction of country’s own pipelines could spell independence from importing oil and gas from foreign countries. This could also alleviate problems on oil crisis, and cut-off on importation rate. This could consequently clip the country to economic prosperity because of the removal of the burdens of o il importation.Pipelines transport oil, and natural gas from extracting wells located in the different parts of the globe, including the most hostile areas like Alaska and Siberia. These products are then refined, and prepared for consumption by all citizens in all corners of the world. These products when properly used could continuously fuel the economic progress of any country involved with it.References:CBC News Online. 2006. The price of oil – in context. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/.Dykesteen, E & K Frantzen. 1991. Multiphase Fraction Meter Developed and Field Tested. Oil & Gas Journal. 18 February 1991: 50.Kennedy, JL. 1993. Oil And Gas Pipeline Fundamentals. 2nd ed. Oklahoma: PennWell Books.Tanter, R. 2007. Pipeline Politics: Oil, Gas and the US Interest in Afghanistan. Znet. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.zmag.org/tanteroil.htm.Tobin, J. 2006. Additions on the Capacity of the US Natural Gas Pipeline Network: 2005. Energy Informat ion Administration, Office of Oil and Gas. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2006/ngpipeline/ngpipeline.pdf.

The Debate Over Reparations for Slavery

The Debate Over Reparations for Slavery The effects of both the transatlantic slave trade and colonialism continue to reverberate today, leading activists, human rights groups and the descendants of victims to demand reparations. The debate over reparations for slavery in the United States dates back  generations, in fact, all the way to the Civil War. Then, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman recommended that all freedmen should receive 40 acres and a mule. The idea came after talks with African American themselves. However, President Andrew Johnson and the U.S. Congress did not approve of the plan. In the 21st century, not much has changed. The U.S. government and other nations where slavery thrived have yet to compensate the descendants of people in bondage. Still, the call for governments to take action has recently grown louder. In September 2016, a United Nations panel wrote a report that concluded African Americans deserve reparations for enduring centuries of â€Å"racial terrorism.† Made up of human rights lawyers and other experts, the U.N.’s Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent shared its findings with the U.N. Human Rights Council. â€Å"In particular, the legacy of colonial history, enslavement, racial subordination and segregation, racial terrorism and racial inequality in the United States remains a serious challenge, as there has been no real commitment to reparations and to truth and reconciliation for people of African descent,† the report determined. â€Å"Contemporary police killings and the trauma that they create are reminiscent of the past racial terror of lynching.† The panel does not have authority to legislate its findings, but its conclusions certainly give weight to the reparations movement. With this review, get a better idea of what reparations are, why supporters believe they’re needed  and why opponents object to them. Learn how private institutions, such as colleges and corporations, are owning up to their role in slavery, even as the federal government remains silent on the issue. What Are Reparations? When some people hear the term â€Å"reparations,† they think it means that descendants of slaves will receive a large cash payout. While reparations can be distributed in the form of cash, that’s hardly the only form in which they come. The U.N. panel said that reparations can amount to â€Å"a formal apology, health initiatives, educational opportunities ... psychological rehabilitation, technology transfer and financial support, and debt cancellation.† The human rights organization Redress defines reparations as a centuries-long principle of international law â€Å"referring to the obligation of a wrongdoing party to redress the damage caused to the injured party.† In other words, the guilty party must work to eradicate the effects of the wrongdoing as much as possible. In doing so, the party aims to restore a situation to how it likely would have played out had no wrongdoing occurred. Germany has provided restitution to Holocaust victims, but there’s simply no way to compensate for the lives of the six million Jews slaughtering during the genocide. Redress points out that in 2005, the U.N. General Assembly adopted the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Violations of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. These principles serve as a guideline for how reparations can be distributed.  One can also look to history for  examples. Although the descendants of enslaved African Americans have not received reparations, Japanese Americans forced into internment camps by the federal government during World War II have. The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 allowed the U.S. government to pay former internees $20,000. More than 82,000 survivors received restitution. President Ronald Reagan formally apologized to the internees as well. People who oppose reparations for slave descendants argue that African Americans and Japanese American internees differ. While actual survivors of internment were still alive to receive restitution, enslaved blacks are not.    Proponents and Opponents of Reparations The African American community includes both opponents and proponents of reparations. Ta-Nehisi Coates, a journalist for The Atlantic, has surfaced as one of the leading advocates for redress for African Americans. In 2014, he wrote a compelling argument in favor of reparations that catapulted him to international stardom. Walter Williams, an economic professor at George Mason University, is one of the leading foes of reparations. Both men are black. Williams argues that reparations are unnecessary because he contends that African Americans actually benefitted from slavery. Almost every black American’s income is higher as a result of being born in the United States than any country in Africa, Williams told ABC News. Most black Americans are middle-class. But this statement overlooks the fact that African Americans have higher poverty, unemployment and health disparities than other groups. It also overlooks that blacks have far less wealth on average than whites, a disparity that has continued over generations. Moreover, Williams ignores the psychological scars left by slavery and racism, which researchers have linked to higher rates of hypertension and infant mortality for blacks than whites. Reparations advocates argue that redress goes beyond a check. The government can compensate African Americans by investing in their schooling, training and economic empowerment. But Williams asserts that the federal government has already invested trillions to fight poverty. â€Å"We’ve had all kinds of programs trying to address the problems of discrimination,† he said. â€Å"America has gone a long way.† Coates, in contrast, argues that reparations are needed because after the Civil War, African Americans endured a second slavery due to debt peonage, predatory housing practices, Jim Crow and state-sanctioned violence. He also cited an Associated Press investigation about how racism resulted in blacks systematically losing their land since the antebellum period. â€Å"The series documented some 406 victims and 24,000 acres of land valued at tens of millions of dollars,† Coates explained of the investigation. â€Å"The land was taken through means ranging from legal chicanery to terrorism. ‘Some of the land taken from black families has become a country club in Virginia,’ the AP reported, as well as ‘oil fields in Mississippi’ and ‘a baseball spring training facility in Florida.’† Coates also pointed out how those who owned the land black tenant farmers worked often proved unscrupulous and refused to give sharecroppers the money owed to them. To boot, the federal government deprived African Americans of a chance to build up wealth by homeownership due to racist practices.    â€Å"Redlining went beyond FHA-backed loans and spread to the entire mortgage industry, which was already rife with racism, excluding black people from most legitimate means of obtaining a mortgage,† Coates wrote. Most compellingly, Coates notes how enslaved blacks and slavers themselves thought reparations necessary. He describes how in 1783, freedwoman Belinda Royall successfully petitioned the commonwealth of Massachusetts for reparations. In addition, Quakers demanded new converts to make reparations to slaves, and Thomas Jefferson protà ©gà © Edward Coles granted his slaves a plot of land after inheriting them. Similarly, Jefferson’s cousin John Randolph wrote in his will that his older slaves be freed and given 10 acres of land. The reparations blacks received then paled in comparison to how much the South, and by extension  the United States, profited from human trafficking. According to Coates, a third of all white income in the seven cotton states stemmed from slavery. Cotton became one of the country’s top exports, and by 1860, more millionaires per capita called the Mississippi Valley home than any other region in the nation. While Coates is the American most associated with the reparations movement today, he certainly did not start it. In the 20th century, a hodgepodge of Americans backed reparations. They include veteran Walter R. Vaughan, black-nationalist Audley Moore, civil rights activist James Forman and black activist Callie House. In 1987, the group National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America formed. And since 1989, Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) has repeatedly introduced a bill, HR 40, known as the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act. But the bill has never cleared the House, just as Harvard Law School Professor Charles J. Ogletree Jr. has not won any of the reparations claims he’s pursued in court. Aetna, Lehman Brothers, J.P. Morgan Chase, FleetBoston Financial and Brown Williamson Tobacco are among the companies that have been sued for their ties to slavery. But Walter Williams said that corporations aren’t culpable. â€Å"Do corporations have social responsibility?† Williams asked in an opinion column. â€Å"Yes. Nobel laureate professor Milton Friedman put it best in 1970 when he said that in a free society ‘there is one and only one social responsibility of business- to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.’† Some corporations have a different take. How Institutions Have Addressed Slavery Ties Companies such as Aetna have acknowledged profiting from slavery. In 2000, the company apologized for reimbursing slaveholders for the financial losses incurred when their chattel, enslaved men and women, died. Aetna has long acknowledged that for several years shortly after its founding in 1853 that the company may have insured the lives of slaves, the company said in a statement. We express our deep regret over any participation at all in this deplorable practice. Aetna admitted to writing up to a dozen policies insuring the lives of the enslaved. But it said it would not offer reparations. The insurance industry and slavery were extensively entangled. After Aetna apologized for its role in the institution, the California State Legislature required all insurance companies doing business there to search their archives for policies that reimbursed slaveholders. Not long afterward, eight companies provided such records, with three submitting records of having insured slave ships. In 1781, slavers on the ship Zong  threw more than  130 sick slaves overboard to collect insurance money. But Tom Baker, then director of the Insurance Law Center at the University of Connecticut School of Law, told the New York Times in 2002 that he disagreed that insurance companies should be sued for their slavery ties. â€Å"I just have a sense that it’s unfair that a few companies have been singled out when the slave economy was something that the whole society bears some responsibility for,† he said. â€Å"My concern is more that to the extent that there is some moral responsibility, it should not be targeted to just a few people.† Some institutions with ties to the slave trade have tried to make amends for their past. A number of the nation’s oldest universities, among them Princeton, Brown, Harvard, Columbia, Yale, Dartmouth, the University of Pennsylvania and the College of William and Mary, had ties to slavery. Brown University’s Committee on Slavery and Justice found that the school’s founders, the Brown family, owned slaves and participated in the slave trade. Additionally, 30 members of Brown’s governing board owned slaves or helmed slave ships. In response to this finding, Brown said it would expand its Africana studies program, continue to provide technical assistance to historically black colleges and universities, support local public schools and more. Georgetown University is also taking action. The university owned slaves and announced plans to offer reparations. In 1838, the university sold 272 enslaved blacks to eliminate its debt. As a result, it is offering admissions preference to the descendants of those it sold. â€Å"Having this opportunity would be amazing but I also feel as if it’s owed to me and to my family and to others that want that opportunity,† Elizabeth Thomas, a slave descendant, told NPR in 2017. Her mother, Sandra Thomas, said she didn’t think Georgetown’s reparations plan goes far enough, as not every descendant is in a position to attend university. â€Å"What about me?† she asked. â€Å"I dont want to go to school. Im an old lady. What if you don’t have the capacity? You have one student lucky enough to have decent family support system, got the foundation. He can go to Georgetown and he can thrive. He has that ambition. You’ve got this kid over here. He’ll never go to Georgetown or any other school on this planet beyond a certain level. Now, what you going to do for him? Did his ancestors suffer any less? No.† Thomas raises a point on which  both supporters and foes of reparations can agree. No amount of restitution can make up for the injustices suffered.

J.B Priestleys An Inspector calls Act One

J.B Priestleys An Inspector calls Act One Free Online Research Papers â€Å"An Inspector Calls† is a play set in 1912. J.B Priestley wrote it in 1945. The writer’s reputation is significant because he was a social commentator and the play has a social message. The main themes of the play are capitalism is bad, and that everyone in society has a duty to each other. The play is also concerned with guilt and responsibility. The writer sets the scene very clearly, making sure he gets the message across that they are a well off family. The atmosphere at the start of the play is happy and cheerful as they are all celebrating Gerald and Sheila’s engagement, we can tell they were happy because the stage directions tell us Gerald and Mrs. B were â€Å"smiling† at times and Sheila was being â€Å"half serious half playful. The stage directions at the start of the play also tell us that Mr. Birling is a â€Å"heavy looking, rather portentous man in his middle fifties with fairly easy manners but rather provincial in his speech†, this suggests that his character is very self involved. During one of Mr. Birling’s speeches about Gerald and Sheila’s engagement he says to Gerald â€Å"Your father and I have been friendly rivals in business for some time now – though Crofts Limited are both older and bigger than Birling and Company – and now you’ve brought us together, and perhaps we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but are working together – for lower costs and higher prices†. This tells us that his character may be at sometimes more interested in business than his family. The speeches that Mr. Birling makes are most of the time long, boring and show that he is egotistical. His speeches reveal a great deal about the social context. They include allot of dramatic irony for example when Mr. Birling says â€Å"Why. A friend of mine went over this new liner last week – the Titanic – she sails next week – forty six thousand eight hundred tons – forty six thousand eight hundred tons – New York in five days – and every luxury – and unsinkable†. This is dramatic irony because the audience know that titanic sunk on its first sail this creates tension and makes Mr. Birling look foolish. I think Mr. Birling is very much in control at the start of the play because to his family he is a â€Å"practical hard headed businessman† as he always reminds them. The language in the stage directions on page 10 shows the mood has changed because Gerald and Mr. Birling create tension by talking about why a police inspector might be there, which makes Eric start to worry. Mr. Birling says, â€Å"I’m still on the Bench. It may be something about a warrant.† And then Gerald says â€Å"(lightly) Sure to be. Unless Eric’s been up to something. (Nodding confidentially to Birling.) And that would be awkward, wouldn’t it† Then Eric says, â€Å"(who is uneasy, sharply) Here, what do you mean?† Gerald replies, â€Å"(lightly) Only something we were talking about when you were talking about when you were out. A joke really.† Then in response Eric says, â€Å"(still uneasy) Well, I don’t think it’s very funny†. It shows the mood has changed because the stage directions tell us that Eric also becomes â€Å"uneasy†. We can also tell that the party has been interrupted because the ch aracters stop the cheerful and playful conversation and become more serious as Br. Birling and Gerald begin to talk about why the Inspector may have called. This conversation between Mr. Birling, Gerald and Eric creates tension because Mr. Birling and Gerald are talking to each other about Eric, which makes Eric very anxious because he overhears. The dialogue on page 10 reveals that Mr. Birling’s character is not very close to his son. When the Inspector enters Mr. Birling says, â€Å"Have a glass of port – or a little whisky?† this is to break the ice, as Mr. Birling has never met the Inspector before. Mr. Birling also asks, â€Å"You’re new are you?† Mr. Birling says and then leads on to say â€Å"I was an alderman for years – and Lord Mayor two years ago – and I’m still on the Bench – so I know the Brumley police officers pretty well – and I thought I’d never seen you before† he said this to let the Inspector know that Mr. Birling had some authority to try and scare the Inspector. The Inspector uses dramatic language to shock the Birling family of the girl’s death, He says, â€Å"she was in great agony†. The stage directions tell us that Mr. Birling is impatient; this suggests that he could be worried or possibly guilty about something. Mr. Birling responds to the questions quite impatiently because he is scared of what the inspector might find out. Mr. Birling is against collective responsibility because he feels that he is above the problems of people of a lower social class. He says â€Å"put it like that, there’s something in what you say. Still, I can’t accept any responsibility. Mr Birling starts to show his annoyance when the Inspector starts questioning him He says, â€Å"I’ve half a mind to report you†, this also shows ho easily agitated he is. When the Inspector arrives Mr. Birling becomes defensive as the Inspector tricks him into revealing information. He also gets very agitated when the Inspector twists his words. His attitude reflects the key themes of the play, which are responsibility and guilt. Priestly achieved a simple yet interesting display of Mr. Birling’s character by showing how mixed up his priorities are and by showing his attitude to other characters. It also showed clearly everything that he represents which is carelessness and slyness. 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Cybersecurity Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cybersecurity Profile - Essay Example In conclusion, it is important to note that security controls and profiles will vary with information systems in different organizations. In this case, the security controls inherent in the Agency are crucial controls that are aimed at maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of the data and information. To achieve a complete and sound security profile, the management, operational and technical controls must be implemented to complement each other for effective results. Planning control lays a foundation for other management controls, this can be done through security policy and procedures and security plan. Basic operational controls such as security awareness and training are crucial in any organization. Through security awareness and training policy and procedures and user awareness, security can be achieved. Finally, the technical controls offer a final remedy for security concerns in the organization. Basically, the identification and authentication control is one of the effe ctive technical controls. By user identification and authentication and device identification and authentication controls, the agency can address the issue of unauthorized access. The identification and authentication procedures and guidelines in the agency require that each device is identified and authenticated before a connection is established. Confidentiality and security can easily be breached through intruding devices. The agency has a device identification and authentication procedure in place that is guided by the IRM of IRS.

Strategic International Business Management Essay

Strategic International Business Management - Essay Example However, before going internationally, the company needs to address its weaknesses, including frequent product recalls, negative international publicity, and bad accounting practices. The potential target market for Tesco chosen for this paper was the Chilean market. Chile is a highly attractive market for Tesco due to its competitive position in the South American region in terms of economic ranking, openness to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), basic business requirements and other parameters. Retailing industry in Chile is growing and is forecasted to show positive growth in future. Also, there is a growth of demand for imported, exotic and sophisticated products among the urban population of Chile, which is a good business opportunity for Tesco. Hypermarkets and Supermarkets in Chile is one of the most popular establishments for grocery shopping as this segment has the highest % share. The number of supermarkets and hypermarkets is continuously growing in Chile and indicate that t here are growth opportunities for Tesco. Among three market entry strategies suggested, it was recommended to pursue acquisition strategy in order to enter the Chilean retail market. With the development of international logistics, information technology, global integration, and liberalization of markets more and more companies seek the opportunities for international expansion. One of such companies is the UK-based retailing chain, Tesco Plc. The company already operates in the European and some Asian markets. However, the firm seeks for other markets for international expansion. The aim of this paper is to suggest a potential international market for Tesco’s expansion, to analyze the external environment of the proposed country and to provide recommendations regarding the selection of a market entry strategy for Tesco. Tesco is a network of retail stores selling grocery, general merchandise, electrical products, apparel and other non-food items (MarketLine Advantage, 2015).